The Broken Column and Olympia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Broken Column and Olympia - Essay Example The paper The Broken Column and Olympia centers around the correlation of two works of art, The Broken Column and Olympia. Normal imaginative practice and subjects inside societies recommends Ancient Egyptian craftsmanship was made as a methods for celebrating notable individuals and the old Greeks made workmanship to assist them with venerating their divine beings and goddesses and to protect their social fantasies. The Romans appear to have received components of the Greek style and intertwined it with components of the Egyptian style to build up a masterful methodology expected to motivate and commend their social accomplishments. After the fall of Rome, the craft of the Middle Ages got ruled by subjects of Christian strict fantasies so as to dismiss the Paganism of the fallen Empire, consolidating strict, political and instructive reason. From here, the specialty of the Renaissance mirrors the re-disclosure of progressively old fine arts intertwined to new logical headways giving it a verifiable and exploratory reason. As this avoid through craftsmanship history illustrates, it is effectively comprehended that workmanship can be utilized for a few purposes and it is frequently motivated or created here and there in order to expand on the past while mirroring the mentalities of the present. As a yearning artist, the craftsmanship that interests most to me is what faces challenges and embraces an increasingly present day or streamlined portrayal of subject, for example, Edward Manet's noteworthy Olympia going into the advanced period or Frida Kahlo's The Broken Column as a demeanor of oddity. ... More than that, she is unmistakably fruitful in that she has a worker and lives inside a rich domain. Her hireling is dim to such an extent that she nearly gets lost out of sight shade of the work of art despite the fact that she remains at the edge of the furthest side of the bed. Due to the manner in which he made the canvas, Manet leaves it broadly not entirely clear. â€Å"The open exposure of a delightful lady in some cases turns into an issue of legislative issues †¦ which activities are allowed under which implicit and often evolving rules† (Friedrich 1). Her appearance inside the unbendingly legitimate Victorian culture was stunning on the grounds that she was viewed as an exceptionally fruitful, lovely and free lady when contrasted with the generally feeble ladies of the age. Hence, her portrayal inside amiable society was an immediate test to the unbending beliefs of appropriateness and immaculateness in light of the fact that the composition recommended that he r conduct and character were acknowledged and even supported inside her general public. In â€Å"The Broken Column† (1944), Kahlo utilizes fanciful pictures to represent her own agony and enduring and line to hold everything together while likewise exhibiting a free lady. The wrecked segment of the title alludes to the interior structure of Frida’s spinal section. This spinal section is seen through the torn skin and approximately twined wraps that are the main things holding her together. The messed up segment represents her absence of a help structure and speaks to her feeling of irregularity while it demonstrates one of her significant wellsprings of agony. Her skin is pricked done with little pins, exhibiting that she is never liberated from the littler agonies of every day life. The pins proceed down the correct side of her body, which is the side that had been injured by both

Organizational Challenges in the 21st Century

Presentation In light with the advancements of the 21st century, the business world has been in the core of the insurgencies. The key ideas of innovation, progressions of business sectors and globalization have truly changed the world. Because of these changes, expanded movement in the business and modern parts has been witnessed.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Organizational Challenges in the 21st Century explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world is directly working as one town, whereby individuals can impart effectively and advantageously with each other. This has been encouraged by the development of PC and web innovation. The development of air transport has likewise been of critical impact to the improvement of transport. With these turns of events, correspondence and transport have been increased in this manner upgrading worldwide relations as far as business and different exercises. All things considered, the development of globaliza tion has not come independently, whereby it has been related with different restrictions. For this situation, the issue of worldwide downturn is a factor of globalization, whereby countries straightforwardly rely upon each other for business. This is not normal for years, whereby countries worked freely. Concerning the development of worldwide downturn, which alludes to worldwide monetary log jam, business associations are committed to embrace the most serious initiative systems in order to counter the circumstance. This is because of the lost business and the decreasing business sector probability. As verified by Northouse (2007: 101), business associations have been altogether affected by the issue of worldwide downturn. This alludes to a time of worldwide monetary log jam or down turn, whereby countries experience restricted financial development paces of 3% of less. Blend of this circumstance with the staggering rivalry in the global markets, business associations think that its difficult to endure. The circumstance must be countered by selection of the most effective authority styles. A genuine model is Nokia which has in the ongoing confronted it unpleasant in the innovation and cell phone industry. The difficulties confronting the organization depend on the issue of worldwide downturn and development of rivalry in the business it is working in (Isaksen and Tidd 2006: 102). In response to the circumstance, the organization is compelled to embrace the most serious and authority procedures in order to defeat the challenges.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An examination by Kotter (1996: 68) demonstrated that great initiative is the main answer for the difficulties looked by business in the tallness of worldwide downturn among different difficulties like expanded rivalry. For this situation, transformational initiative has been featured as the most proper authority approach for associations lately. Transformational initiative has been characterized as a type of authority style whereby pioneers and their devotees adjust themselves to higher good and persuasive levels (Fisher and Ury 1992: 29). This is accomplished through affecting dreams and character among all people in the associations. With respect to this authority style, pioneers have the commitment of rousing their supporters to change their recognitions and desires. With the difficulties of worldwide downturn, this authority style stands to be extremely effective as in it will acquire each individual the association into center and conform to the predominant circumstance. A point worth of thought is that this authority style requests pioneers to persuade representatives towards accomplishing a shared objective (Weinstein et al 2004: 71). By so doing, the difficulties confronting the business will be countered. Cherry (2011: 1) demonstrated that transformationa l initiative style is guided by different segments which makes it proficient in countering business challenges. Initially, the idea of scholarly incitement is exceptionally grasped in this authority approach. For this situation, the pioneers don't just stir things up, yet additionally impart innovativeness among the representatives. Programmer and Roberts (2003: 45) delineated that pioneers ought to urge adherents to be inventive and get things done in new manners in this manner misusing accessible chances. On account of Nokia the organization has in the ongoing been in its undertakings to mentally animate its representatives. This is an effective methodology in countering the financial log jam, whereby new methodologies of working together just as items will be accomplished. The idea of individualized thought is likewise tended to in this initiative style. For this situation, pioneers should offer consolation and backing to all people inside the associations. A point worth of thoug ht is that pioneers should cultivate strong connections through open correspondence, where supporters are allowed to share and look for thoughts (Bass and Riggio 2006: 78). By embraced these methodologies, associations will have the option to secure novel thoughts and commitments from their devotees. Pursue et al (2001: 49) portrayed that pioneers in the contemporary society should offer helpful inspiration to their workers. This is obtained through the arrangement of a reasonable vision which will help in managing the adherents. By moving the adherents, pioneers will assist their devotees with experiencing same inspiration and enthusiasm which will help in understanding the shared objective. Another center part of transformational administration is the issue of glorified influence.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Organizational Challenges in the 21st Century explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Yukl (2001: 93) contended that pioneers ought to b e a good example to their adherents. This idea can not be absolved from initiative in the contemporary society based the various difficulties looked by organizations. Schein (1992: 62) noticed that adherents regard and trust their pioneers and they will basically imitate them. In light of this, business associations will have the option to beat the difficulties they are looking in the tallness of worldwide downturn. Worldwide downturn is prompting loss of business consequently requiring the selection of best initiative methodologies. Close by the selection of transformational authority style, the idea of absolute quality administration (TQM) can not be absolved from authoritative administration as of late. As substantiated by Hakes (2001: 22) the issue of value and item authority has been recognized as key parts of progress. Considering this, business associations are committed to guarantee that their items and administrations are of the best quality in the market. Each business ass ociation should keep a watch of the items and administrations of its rivals (Wilson 2005: 102). The idea of TQM fundamentally alludes to a methodology of the board which involves on overseeing whole association to create quality products and ventures. On account of cell phone industry, nature of the items has been critical. For this situation, each organization is trying to improve its administrations and items. Amidst worldwide downturn, Nokia is committed to guarantee ideal nature of its items (Bass and Riggio 2006: 78). In view of this situation, the reception of TQM is inescapable for the accomplishment of Nokia during this time of financial lull. Pekar (2005: 42) delineated that representative inclusion in the running of an associations lately is inescapable. Representative inclusion is a key component of TQM, whereby they can forestall issues before they happen. Associations are additionally committed to concentrate on their clients to decide the real needs and needs of the cl ients. This will assist an association with offering quality items and administrations which address the issues of clients. On account of Nokia, the requirement for Smartphone has been a staggering business sector pattern as of late. All together for the organization to understand its fantasies and counter the market difficulties it has no commitment of embracing the market requests. This is a piece of TQM, whereby the company’s tasks and item details are directed by the market requests (Pekar 2005: 42).Advertising Searching for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The idea of benchmarking is likewise a key authority and business the board approach that can not be down looked. As saw by Hakes (2001: 22) benchmarking is a component of TQM in which an association searches out different associations it is working with. An association utilizes the items and administrations of different organizations as its benchmark or standard, along these lines having the option to pass judgment on its exhibition. It is additionally important that associations are required to adjust just as improve forms received by different associations. This will assist an association with attaining the high caliber and proficient items, hence having the option to win the market. Directly, TQM has end up being a productive authority and the executives approach which has helped numerous organizations to suffer advertise greatness (Hakes 2001: 22). End In thought with the conversation and investigation of the business condition in the 21st century, it has been obviously apparent that business associations are confronted with various difficulties. The issues of worldwide downturn and expanded rivalry in the corporate world have been overpowering as of late. In light of these difficulties, business associations are committed to embrace the most productive administration styles. For this situation, the ideas f transformational administration and TQM have been featured as the most reasonable for business associations as of late. This will help business association to be effective and resolute in offering the best items and administrations. F

FOMO Fear of Mis-Optimizing

FOMO Fear of Mis-Optimizing a brief respite finds me on the second floor of Lobby 7.01 MITs main entrance, located on 77 Mass Ave i let my shoulders sag against the railing behind me and throw my backpack to the ground; it falls with a feeble “clunk.” exhaling, i attempt to mentally outline the rest of my day, but a sickness-induced lethargy02 ive gotten the freshman plague twice. ugh swamps the remaining mental capacity i have. i contemplate abandoning my responsibilities, returning to my dorm, and sleeping, but a desire to commit to the events on my schedule quickly stifles the rogue thought.   soon, i’m back on my feet. as i propel myself towards my next event, i push away the cloud of uncertainty that shrouds meâ€"am i doing the right by trading new endeavors and experiences for the academic standards i’m comfortable with? could i, perhaps, be managing my time better? am i not doing enough? my day slips by, and despite the fact that it’s been allocated into more vibrant, color-coded chunks than i can name, i feel as if i’ve gained very little. the realization is a blurred, murky grey. i first heard the term “fear of mis-optimizing” (FOMO) in a conversation with Scott Alessandro, the Director of Undergraduate Education at Sloan. i was connected to him in my first week on campus by one of my FPOP03 Freshman Pre-Orientation Program -- I did DEAL, Discovering Entrepreneurship and Leadership counselors (a super inspiring upperclassman!), so i reached out asking for his guidance on my prospective major(s). he told me two things: 1. in my case, theres a minimal difference between double majoring or just sticking with one major, so i should choose whichever path i’m more interested in. 2. choosing whatever i’m interested in is easier than it sounds. i’m probably going to be okay regardless, so worrying about these thingsâ€"especially as a frosh who hasn’t yet experienced anythingâ€"is a waste of time. Scott proceeded to explain FOMO, a very valid and prevalent fear among MIT students. indeed, when we’re surrounded by all these incredible opportunities and people, and can forge our paths in so many different ways, we can never really be sure that we have our shit together, right? the concept of FOMO immediately resonated with me, almost to the point at which it prompted a semi-crisis. this seems dramatic, but i’m the kind of person who will take an eternity to contemplate which ice cream flavor to get. sure, ice cream is ice cream and i’ll be happy regardless of what my choice is, but how can i be content when i know that i didn’t achieve p e a k happiness??? (all this turmoil means that when i finally decide, my ice cream will most definitely melt due to my egregious lack of chill) the truth is, when i’m faced with options, i will invest a significant amount of time and energy into ensuring that i make the best decisions. as seen in this post, which i co-wrote with Nisha back in April, during CPW, this manifested as a meticulously-planned spreadsheet. to summarize, i wanted to make the most out of my experience, which entailed figuring out where i wanted to live and which activities i was interested in, but i ended up spending quite a bit of time just chilling with friends. even though i’m glad i outlined the events i wanted to attend, i don’t regret any of the experiences i had. much of my high school experience (junior year in particular) was a cycle through task managers and bullet journals and time tracking apps that would budget my day into tinier and tinier chunks. at some point, i’d slip and scroll through Facebook for three hours straight, or binge a TV show or two ten, and this would evoke such despair that i’d force myself to be cognizant of every “wasted” second; eventually, i gave up on Toggl and Todoist and internalized my time management mechanisms. no longer would i fall prey to the Hellish Void that is YouTubeâ€"i’d do something like Japanese flashcards every time i did anything i considered to be “mindless” in order to be ~my most productive self~. when i got into college, my desire to have complete control over nearly every aspect of my life acquiesced to the Senior Slide. 04 when your motivation takes a tumble downhill mid-senior year...or maybe even at the beginning now, i’m left with a general sense of “you have to have your shit together,” which is arguably more enjoyableâ€"and healthyâ€"than my prior infatuation with productivity.     but under PNR, these old feelings are resurfacing; i feel an overwhelming compulsion to “branch out,” to fill every blank slot in my Google Calendar, to push myself to run from place to place meeting people and experiencing new things and taking advantage of the countless opportunities around me. wow she thicc when i’m constantly being told to put just enough effort into classes, to experience all there is to experience in this interval where academics don’t really matter, i have to reconcile my desire to find the level at which i can just barely pass my classes with the academic drive that got me here. feeling like i don’t have control over academics (and being destroyed by 8.01 psets!!!) is gross and unsettling, but oscillating between “have fun and do whatever you want, it’s PNR!” and “develop good habits lest be screwed by the spring semester!” is worse. anyway, to put things into perspective, i’m wrestling with the fear of mis-optimizing as a freshman under PNR. the rest of my four years here will undoubtedly confront me with more legitimate fears that will impact my life in much, much more tangible ways. for now, i’m just going to take Scott’s advice and do whatever i’m interested in. but as i do this i’ll strive to not to become this meme, keep my limits in mind, and maintain (some semblance of) the academic standards i’m comfortable with. wish me luck!! MIT's main entrance, located on 77 Mass Ave back to text ? i've gotten the freshman plague twice. ugh back to text ? Freshman Pre-Orientation Program -- I did DEAL, Discovering Entrepreneurship and Leadership back to text ? when your motivation takes a tumble downhill mid-senior year...or maybe even at the beginning back to text ?

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1657 Words

All through â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe, the portrayal of culture and rituals is astonishingly important and determines the fortune of the men, women and children. Certain rituals or customs that are practiced in their culture would unquestionably be frowned upon in the United States; thus is completely acceptable in their society. For example, the idea that twins are bad luck and should be left to die in the forest twins, normally abandoned in the ‘evil forest’ on account of the belief that they were sources of curses in society (J. KWABENA ASAMOAH-GYADU). ; or that spirits of the dead should be diminished. The culture and rituals in â€Å"Things Fall Apart† will be examined and explained in this essay. Things to also determine would be the importance of these two components and their role in the society (for instance, what impact do these two elements have on the health and cohesion of their society). Additionally, this essay will intertwin e how these rituals altered after colonialism occurred and the whites arrived. Questions to consider would be; whether the rituals of the Igbo society caused more damage than good. Agriculture in the Igbo society is very important, and it also classifies how successful men are. Yams were the main nourishment. They were eaten with every meal and were known as â€Å"the king of crops† (Achebe 33). People utilized the yams for every celebration and also used kola nuts to offer to their personal god. â€Å"Okonkwo brought his palm wine†¦heShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

Inferior Treatment Of Women Jane Eyre And The Good Earth

The Inferior Treatment of Women in Literature: Jane Eyre and The Good Earth Throughout history and literature, men have been trying to make decisions for women and have also treated women as inferiors. Two books that do a superb job of demonstrating this theme are Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà « and The Good Earth by Pearl Buck. Jane Eyre, set in the 1800’s, is the story of an orphan girl growing up and becoming a governess. All does not go smoothly when Jane falls in love with the master of the house. Drama ensues in this gothic classic as Jane decides how to handle her situation. The Good Earth, on the other hand, follows the life of Wang Lung from a young adult to a grandfather. Along the way, Wang Lung marries O-lan and together they†¦show more content†¦God directed me to a correct choice† ( Brontà « 306-307). Jane would never have been truly content had she stayed with Mr. Rochester at that time, because she would be ashamed to be a mistress. Jane does go back to Mr. Rochester after his wife has died and decides to marry him sin ce they can be equals. The last man that Jane stands up to is St. John, the man who takes her in after she runs away from Mr. Rochester. St. John asks Jane to marry him so that they can go on a missionary trip in India. Jane refuses his proposal and when asked why she will not marry him Jane answers, â€Å" ‘ because you did not love me; now, I reply, because you almost hate me. If I were to marry you, you would kill me. You are killing me now’† (Brontà « 351). Jane would have been so miserable had she married John especial after refusing him once, since he would also harbor bad feelings against her. Also, since Jane does not marry John, she is free to marry Mr. Rochester, the man she truly loves. Jane gets her happy ending, however the females in The Good Earth do not. Pearl Buck shows the theme of women being treated as inferiors in The Good Earth, by having O-lan give birth to multiple children and seeing how each child s life turns out. Buck shows that women from birth are harder lives and cannot do anything to change that. The first child O-lan has shortly after she marriesShow MoreRelatedJane Eyre Essay1852 Words   |  8 Pagesbesides political rebellions ferment in the masses of life which people earth. Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do †¦ It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex. (Bronte 112-13) Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte, was an excellent fusion of the pious moralRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Jane Eyre + The Color Purple2211 Words   |  9 PagesComparison of Jane Eyre + The Color Purple ========================================== Both novels are variations of the same theme: the spiritual and emotional growth of the heroine. Is this a fair assessment? Both novels convey important, political messages exploring the idea of feminism and women ´s emancipation. Bronte uses Jane as a figure of female independence, while Walker demonstrates her views on civil rights and commitment to feminism through Celie. In this essay I will be examiningRead MoreMorality in Victorian and Neo-Victorian Novels Essay4239 Words   |  17 PagesMorality in Victorian and Neo-Victorian Novels An essay on Jane Eyre, The Mill on the Floss, The French Lieutenants Woman, Possession and The Dress Lodger The Victorian era is one bound to morality. Morality is also defined through the traditional and religious standards that structure the way of life for many Victorians. Morality is defined as the proper principles and standards, in respect to right and wrong, which are to be practiced by all humanity. Ideally, these include obtainingRead More How do Jane’s experiences at Lowood contribute to her development?1756 Words   |  8 Pagesexperiences at Lowood contribute to her development? Before arriving at Lowood Jane lived at Gateshead, with her aunt and three cousins. She was unloved and treated badly, and had already developed a determination to stand up for herself and fight for her independence. The young Jane had baffled Mrs Reed, who could obviously not understand â€Å"how for nine years you could be patient and quiescent under any treatment, and in the tenth break out all fire and violence†. At Gateshead she is unhappy

Brain death determination Free Essays

Brain Death Determination When the brain has a lack of oxygen, even for a few minutes, it could lead to loss of brain functions such as a gradual loss level of consciousness or a complete loss of consciousness causing the person to slip into a coma. In the most profound cases, irreversible brain damage and death occurs. Oxygen deficiency can by caused by many things, such as; a brain injury, fall from height, traffic accidents, heart failure, stroke or some neurological disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Brain death determination or any similar topic only for you Order Now That may cause irreversible loss of the brain cells performance. The medical term for insufficient oxygenation to the brain is referral Anglia. Historically, before recent technology the scientists defined death only when the heartbeat and breathing stopped. Afterward, the idea of brain death was announced in 1959 by French neurologists’ Moldable and Gluon. They determined this state as â€Å"beyond coma† (D*mice et al. , 2004). Then after around ten years, within the medical community the development of many types of equipment became available which aided in increasing the longevity of individuals with serious injuries to the brain. Some examples of these devices are ventilators to maintain respiration and heart monitors. These innovations in medicine made the concept of brain death clearer by closely showing the relationship between the respirations or heartbeat and brain. These innovations in the medical field guided the Harvard Medical School Committee to clarify that idea in 1968 (Sass, 2014). After that, it was medically defined as permanent loss of all brain functions, including cerebrum and brain stem due to total death of brain neurons that is caused by decrease of blood flow and oxygenation into the brain (ibid). This essay will discuss the main brain regions that have immediate cause of brain death and their functions, including the required tests of these regions, both clinical and confirmatory, for instance, the Electroencephalogram. The brain carries two major parts, cerebrum and brain stem. When they have any cause of damaged that might be a final result in brain death. Each one has primary roles in a person’s life, because they are responsible for the main operations in human survival, especially the regulation of cardiac and respiratory functions. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and divided into two hemispheres (Fall Bergman, 1998). There are main functions for he brain cerebrum without them no human can live. It is important to be concerned with functional specialization of different regions of the cerebrum to guide the treatment of the physician and assists them in making the right diagnosis. The cerebrum has a large primary sensory area, which is responsible for general sensation, for example, smell, vision, and hearing. The motor area is responsible for controlling the skeletal muscles, and the association area of the cortex has operations similar to the sensory areas but more complicated such as behavior, communication and intellect (ibid). Secondly, the brain stem is located in the posterior division of the brain and connected to the spinal cord. Beside that it includes three significant parts; medulla obbligato, pens and mandarin. Each one controls principal performance and it is the pathway of sending and receiving sensory information signals from the body to the brain. It has other important functions that have a major affect on a person such as regulation of the respiratory system, consciousness, alertness and awareness (Kiering Barr, 2009). In general, both cerebrum and brain stem damage may end a arson’s life because they contain all the regulation centers for all of the most critical functions that are needed to sustain life. There are many criteria to diagnose brain death. Each country has their organization, but there are general rules and guidelines in determining brain death for patients worldwide. There are important tools to consider when deciding whether the patient is dead or not, before the process of diagnosis of death by the criteria. The first tool is a person who is approaching the protocol of brain death qualified? For example, an ICC physician, an anesthesiologist, an internist, a neurosurgeon or a neuron physician are allowed and qualified to perform the tests because they have studied and trained to diagnose brain death, but a dermatologist or an ophthalmologist they have not done training on that. Although, they need to know the state of the patient and must be in a coma with ventilator support and the cause of their comatose condition must be rolled out, for instance, Head trauma, Cardiovascular hemorrhage, cerebral Anglia or primary brain tumor. Next, the cause of brain damage must be clarified six hours before tarring brain functions evaluation. Finally, the patient should not be hypothermia and body temperature has to be above 34 C or 32 C in some countries protocol and the person should not be under sedatives, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant†¦ Etc Drugs for at least the previous five days. When these tools completed correctly the physician can start the diagnosis in following exam steps. The first clinical examination is to confirm that the patient is in a coma and to make sure a patient is not having any seizure activity in the brain. Furthermore, the physician needs to test he absence of motor response by painful stimulation for both hands and feet. It is required to do these evaluation exams on the standard method before starting the brain stem reflexes test because each exam depends on the previous one to give correct final result. Once the physician has done from the previous evaluation he will start the brain stem reflexes tests, which called the first clinical examination. These are five different exams and begin with papillary response. The light stimulation to test the pupil response by bright beam of light on both eyes, for example, a pen alights. Also, corneal reflex is involuntary blinking and has to be tested via a wisp of cotton wool to touch the cornea. Thirdly, cool-cephalic reflex it does perform by moving the head to a different direction and monitor the retina changes during the head movements. Fourthly, vestibule-ocular reflex this another test to activated eye movements by injecting both ears about 50 ml of ice-cold water or saline for adult, but children, less than 20 ml may be used. After all, upper and lower airways stimulation is produce either gagging or coughing. Furthermore, this exam’s purpose or provoke the pharynx and trachea. For instance, using catheter leads down to reach into the pharynx and the trachea (Saudi center of organ transplantation, 2009). Accordingly, all those brain stem tests should result an absent responses to declare brain stem death. After finalization of the first examination, it’s recommended to not start the second clinical test before 6 hours from the time of first exam end for an adult and after 12 hours for children (above 1 year),24 hours for infants (above 60 days-I year) and 48 hours for neonate (7 days-60 days). Therefore to have enough mime to perform the confirmatory tests, such as Electroencephalogram (EGG) which is a machine that has 21 electrodes connected to the skull to cover all the brain regions and measures the electrical activity of the brain (ibid). In fact, the EGG and other confirmatory tests are optional in some countries but it is often helpful for the physician to prove that the brain is permanently damaged by having more than one test that confirms his diagnosis and prognosis. The next clinical exam is apneas; it is done to indicate the failure of involuntary respiration. This exam has a specific rotator to perform it, such as an increase the inspired fraction of oxygen without changing the ventilation rate, disconnect the patient from the ventilator for 10 minutes and supply a continuous flow of humidified air. These procedures are done to detect if there is any attempt for the patient to breathe (ibid). Another test that is sensitive in analyzing the circulation in the brain is transitional Doppler (ETC) this examination detects the velocity of the blood that’s circulating in the blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It uses ultrasonic waves that are focused onto a beam that is directed at different depths and angles by an experienced operator. The technologist uses sites on the skull where the bone is relatively thin and relatively close to the major vessels whose blood flow velocities are critical. One major vessel that supplies the brain is the Middle Cerebral Artery (MAC). When the blood flow circulation is compromised to the extent that survivability is not possible the ETC shows reverberating waveforms as the blood ceases to flow in it’s normal direction and instead is ineffectually regurgitating back and forth without flow in espouse to the heart contraction. Later there are systolic spikes that indicate some increased pressure in the vessel with heart contraction but without effective flowing of blood through the vessel. The last signal that is compatible with brain death is a loss of signal entirely indicating no activity in the vessel and no recordable blood flow in the critical vessels of the brain. In conclusion, the concept of brain death has developed with period of the medical field improvements. The absence of a rich uninterrupted supply of oxygen is imperative to supply the brain and maintain unconsciousness and provide for the populations of neurons to continue to function properly. Trauma, disorders and diseases which impair circulation in the cerebral cortex and brain stem bring about a cascading assortment of symptoms that if not reversed results in death. The protocols and guidelines for brain death determination have been established for the safety of the patient to distinguish between patients who have suffered a life-threatening insult, but who may recover and those unfortunate individuals in whom there is no hope for recovery. How to cite Brain death determination, Papers

Brain death determination Free Essays

Brain Death Determination When the brain has a lack of oxygen, even for a few minutes, it could lead to loss of brain functions such as a gradual loss level of consciousness or a complete loss of consciousness causing the person to slip into a coma. In the most profound cases, irreversible brain damage and death occurs. Oxygen deficiency can by caused by many things, such as; a brain injury, fall from height, traffic accidents, heart failure, stroke or some neurological disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Brain death determination or any similar topic only for you Order Now That may cause irreversible loss of the brain cells performance. The medical term for insufficient oxygenation to the brain is referral Anglia. Historically, before recent technology the scientists defined death only when the heartbeat and breathing stopped. Afterward, the idea of brain death was announced in 1959 by French neurologists’ Moldable and Gluon. They determined this state as â€Å"beyond coma† (D*mice et al. , 2004). Then after around ten years, within the medical community the development of many types of equipment became available which aided in increasing the longevity of individuals with serious injuries to the brain. Some examples of these devices are ventilators to maintain respiration and heart monitors. These innovations in medicine made the concept of brain death clearer by closely showing the relationship between the respirations or heartbeat and brain. These innovations in the medical field guided the Harvard Medical School Committee to clarify that idea in 1968 (Sass, 2014). After that, it was medically defined as permanent loss of all brain functions, including cerebrum and brain stem due to total death of brain neurons that is caused by decrease of blood flow and oxygenation into the brain (ibid). This essay will discuss the main brain regions that have immediate cause of brain death and their functions, including the required tests of these regions, both clinical and confirmatory, for instance, the Electroencephalogram. The brain carries two major parts, cerebrum and brain stem. When they have any cause of damaged that might be a final result in brain death. Each one has primary roles in a person’s life, because they are responsible for the main operations in human survival, especially the regulation of cardiac and respiratory functions. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and divided into two hemispheres (Fall Bergman, 1998). There are main functions for he brain cerebrum without them no human can live. It is important to be concerned with functional specialization of different regions of the cerebrum to guide the treatment of the physician and assists them in making the right diagnosis. The cerebrum has a large primary sensory area, which is responsible for general sensation, for example, smell, vision, and hearing. The motor area is responsible for controlling the skeletal muscles, and the association area of the cortex has operations similar to the sensory areas but more complicated such as behavior, communication and intellect (ibid). Secondly, the brain stem is located in the posterior division of the brain and connected to the spinal cord. Beside that it includes three significant parts; medulla obbligato, pens and mandarin. Each one controls principal performance and it is the pathway of sending and receiving sensory information signals from the body to the brain. It has other important functions that have a major affect on a person such as regulation of the respiratory system, consciousness, alertness and awareness (Kiering Barr, 2009). In general, both cerebrum and brain stem damage may end a arson’s life because they contain all the regulation centers for all of the most critical functions that are needed to sustain life. There are many criteria to diagnose brain death. Each country has their organization, but there are general rules and guidelines in determining brain death for patients worldwide. There are important tools to consider when deciding whether the patient is dead or not, before the process of diagnosis of death by the criteria. The first tool is a person who is approaching the protocol of brain death qualified? For example, an ICC physician, an anesthesiologist, an internist, a neurosurgeon or a neuron physician are allowed and qualified to perform the tests because they have studied and trained to diagnose brain death, but a dermatologist or an ophthalmologist they have not done training on that. Although, they need to know the state of the patient and must be in a coma with ventilator support and the cause of their comatose condition must be rolled out, for instance, Head trauma, Cardiovascular hemorrhage, cerebral Anglia or primary brain tumor. Next, the cause of brain damage must be clarified six hours before tarring brain functions evaluation. Finally, the patient should not be hypothermia and body temperature has to be above 34 C or 32 C in some countries protocol and the person should not be under sedatives, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant†¦ Etc Drugs for at least the previous five days. When these tools completed correctly the physician can start the diagnosis in following exam steps. The first clinical examination is to confirm that the patient is in a coma and to make sure a patient is not having any seizure activity in the brain. Furthermore, the physician needs to test he absence of motor response by painful stimulation for both hands and feet. It is required to do these evaluation exams on the standard method before starting the brain stem reflexes test because each exam depends on the previous one to give correct final result. Once the physician has done from the previous evaluation he will start the brain stem reflexes tests, which called the first clinical examination. These are five different exams and begin with papillary response. The light stimulation to test the pupil response by bright beam of light on both eyes, for example, a pen alights. Also, corneal reflex is involuntary blinking and has to be tested via a wisp of cotton wool to touch the cornea. Thirdly, cool-cephalic reflex it does perform by moving the head to a different direction and monitor the retina changes during the head movements. Fourthly, vestibule-ocular reflex this another test to activated eye movements by injecting both ears about 50 ml of ice-cold water or saline for adult, but children, less than 20 ml may be used. After all, upper and lower airways stimulation is produce either gagging or coughing. Furthermore, this exam’s purpose or provoke the pharynx and trachea. For instance, using catheter leads down to reach into the pharynx and the trachea (Saudi center of organ transplantation, 2009). Accordingly, all those brain stem tests should result an absent responses to declare brain stem death. After finalization of the first examination, it’s recommended to not start the second clinical test before 6 hours from the time of first exam end for an adult and after 12 hours for children (above 1 year),24 hours for infants (above 60 days-I year) and 48 hours for neonate (7 days-60 days). Therefore to have enough mime to perform the confirmatory tests, such as Electroencephalogram (EGG) which is a machine that has 21 electrodes connected to the skull to cover all the brain regions and measures the electrical activity of the brain (ibid). In fact, the EGG and other confirmatory tests are optional in some countries but it is often helpful for the physician to prove that the brain is permanently damaged by having more than one test that confirms his diagnosis and prognosis. The next clinical exam is apneas; it is done to indicate the failure of involuntary respiration. This exam has a specific rotator to perform it, such as an increase the inspired fraction of oxygen without changing the ventilation rate, disconnect the patient from the ventilator for 10 minutes and supply a continuous flow of humidified air. These procedures are done to detect if there is any attempt for the patient to breathe (ibid). Another test that is sensitive in analyzing the circulation in the brain is transitional Doppler (ETC) this examination detects the velocity of the blood that’s circulating in the blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It uses ultrasonic waves that are focused onto a beam that is directed at different depths and angles by an experienced operator. The technologist uses sites on the skull where the bone is relatively thin and relatively close to the major vessels whose blood flow velocities are critical. One major vessel that supplies the brain is the Middle Cerebral Artery (MAC). When the blood flow circulation is compromised to the extent that survivability is not possible the ETC shows reverberating waveforms as the blood ceases to flow in it’s normal direction and instead is ineffectually regurgitating back and forth without flow in espouse to the heart contraction. Later there are systolic spikes that indicate some increased pressure in the vessel with heart contraction but without effective flowing of blood through the vessel. The last signal that is compatible with brain death is a loss of signal entirely indicating no activity in the vessel and no recordable blood flow in the critical vessels of the brain. In conclusion, the concept of brain death has developed with period of the medical field improvements. The absence of a rich uninterrupted supply of oxygen is imperative to supply the brain and maintain unconsciousness and provide for the populations of neurons to continue to function properly. Trauma, disorders and diseases which impair circulation in the cerebral cortex and brain stem bring about a cascading assortment of symptoms that if not reversed results in death. The protocols and guidelines for brain death determination have been established for the safety of the patient to distinguish between patients who have suffered a life-threatening insult, but who may recover and those unfortunate individuals in whom there is no hope for recovery. How to cite Brain death determination, Papers

Shark Finning free essay sample

An essay on shark finning Issues surrounding shark finning can never be over analysed. At first glance shark finning may seem unenchanting, however its study is a necessity for any one wishing to intellectually advance beyond their childhood. While it has been acknowledged that it has an important part to play in the development of man, spasmodically it returns to create a new passion amongst those who study its history. It is an unfortunate consequence of our civilizations history that shark finning is rarely given rational consideration by those politicaly minded individuals living in the past, obviously. Complex though it is I shall now attempt to provide an exaustive report on shark finning and its numerous industries. Social Factors Comparisons between Roman Society and Medieval Society give a clear picture of the importance of shark finning to developments in social conduct. I will not insult the readers inteligence by explaining this obvious comparison any further. We will write a custom essay sample on Shark Finning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Sir Bernard Chivilary said hounds will feast on society [1] he created a monster which society has been attempting to tame ever since. No symbol is more potent than shark finning in society today. It smells of success. When one is faced with people of today a central theme emerges shark finning is either adored or despised, it leaves no one undecided. It is intrinsically linked to adolescent inner acclimatisation. Economic Factors Do we critique the markets, or do they in-fact critique us? We shall examine the Greek-Roman model of economics. Market Value Of Gold shark finning How do we explain these clear trends? Even a child could work out that the market value of gold will continue to follow shark finning for the foreseeable future. A sharp down turn in middle class investment may lead to changes in the market. Political Factors Modern politics owes much to the animal kingdom. Placing theory on the scales of justice and weighing it against practice can produce similar results to contrasting the two sides of shark finning. We cannot talk of shark finning and politics without remembering the words of a legend in their own life time, Odysseus T. Time The success of any political system can only truly be assessed once the fat lady has sung. [2] Primarily, he is referring to shark finning. I feel strongly that if politicians spent less time thinking about shark finning and put more effort into their family life, that we would have a very different country. Where do we go from here? Only time will tell. Conclusion In my opinion shark finning has a special place in the heart of mankind. It fills a hole, applauds greatness and never hides. The final say goes to the award winning Sigourney Hendrix: My Daddy loved shark finning and his Daddy loved shark finning.

Abraham Lincoln The Vampire Hunter

Spanking Gone Wrong Essay Example

Spanking Gone Wrong Essay Example Spanking Gone Wrong Paper Spanking Gone Wrong Paper wooden paddles, belts, sticks, pins, or others), painful body postures (such as placing in closed spaces), use of electric shock, use of excessive exercise drills, or prevention of urine or stool elimination (Par. 2). Its obvious that there is a variance between what people think is correct terminology when it comes to spanking. Its vital to step back when a situation is escalating to a point of no return in order to give the thinking part of your brain time to catch up with your emotions (Callaghan 142). Its easy to let patience run thin and get frustrated, but this leads to thoughts without actions and thats not okay. Also for some parents a spank isnt enough. Teaching them a lesson shouldnt be hitting a hill so hard it leaves bruises or marks. It may be disturbing but some parents go as far as holding a kid up by their shirt against a door, pulling them up by their hair, and even do exercises such as lifting heavy weights till their almost crushed. It doesnt stop at go to bed without dinner, wash your mouth out, taking away a toy, or locking a child in their room, it can go to the point of abuse. Some moms whove spanked their children agreenot necessarily that spanking was bad for their kids, but that it was bad for them and how they wanted to relate to their kids (Callaghan 132). Being left with regret, in fact, is going too far. Thoughts of l didnt mean it or l should of shouldnt cross your mind when disciplining a child. Its important to treat a child how you want to be treated and teach them lessons for the life ahead of them. When a child is left with a memory of l remember how I was disciplined it should be a lesson learned, not one of hurt. That means it went too far. Spanking also can leave long lasting effects on a child, whether its physical, emotional, or mental. Corporal punishment may succeed in temporarily controlling a childs behaviors. The trouble is the children may suffer from low self-esteem and depression, become overly aggressive, and exhibit antisocial behavior later as a result (Mitchell 25). Parents may think their child wont remember because they are little but thats not always the case. In teaching children to love and in truly loving them, we are called to demand more of ourselves and them (Clarke 23). Think about it, the early childhood years are when kids learn the most. Every parent wants their child to love and be loved. Children shouldnt be scared of making mistakes; they should strive and be exactly who they are. The fear of a spank and corporal punishment can scare a child into a shell they never come out of. Additionally, the spank does travel, and chances are kids will discipline their kids the way they were disciplined. A study by Childrens Voice Magazine says the more corporal punishment, the greater the chance the child is going to be higher than normal in physical aggressiveness, (Mitchell 25). This Just doesnt mean their attitude but further actions such as getting into trouble at school, theft, vandalism, and even delinquency. So whats going to keep them from not hitting their children later in life? Corporal punishment weakens the bond between child and parent it chips away at the bond, particularly if its repeated a number of times. This is a problem for parents who want to be close to their kids and who want their kids to be close to when someone is blessed with a child is that they have received them, they dont have them. No human was born with their children already handed to them at birth. It took time to understand life finding out whom to become, being raised. The way someone raised them was the key, a bond that no one could take away. It shouldnt tater they way someone was conceived, if they were an accident, or planned years in advance, whether they were born into poverty, or a rich lifestyle, to a single mom, a broken home, or even not with their original parents, all these scenarios are still a family. It all depends on how you look at it and its why being raised the right way is a big deal. Spanking takes away the moments of learning and dedication to a family bond. It goes too far sometimes leaving a scar on a relationship with someone that can never be repaired. Hitting a boss, spouse, or parent isnt okay so why hit a child? Devastatingly, sometimes spanking doesnt even stop in the household. The prevalence of corporal punishment of children in schools remains high in the United States and remains one of the few industrialized countries allowing corporal punishment in 30 states (Greensand par. 3). With that statistic, more than half of United States schools are still allowing children to be punished physically. Greensand says the top states for children being hit were Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama (par. 3). Its prevalent that the southern United States is allowing the smacks. According to the Office of Civil Rights (2007), school officials, including searchers, administered corporal punishment to 223,190 school children across the nation during the 2006-2007 school year (Greensand par. 3). Shouldnt it be up to the parents how they discipline? If a child lives in the south and goes to a school where corporal punishment is k and then goes home to a house where its okay as well, where does the hitting for making a mistake stop? Medical complications may prevent students from returning to school for days, weeks, or even longer. Reported medical findings include abrasions, severe muscle injury, extensive hemostat, whiplash damage, life-threatening fat hemorrhage, and others (including death! ) (Greensand par. 6). Children are supposed to go to school to learn, giving them injury for their action is not learning. Thats why spanking has to stop. Whether its at home or even worse to think, at school, its leaving long lasting life effects. Its like theirs no escape for a mistake Spanking has also been proven not to work any better than saying no to a child and theirs research to back it up. The recidivism rate for misbehaver by a 2-year-old is about 50% within two hours. Its 80% within the name day. And that applies to whether its Just saying no, removing the child, or spanking a child Mitchell said (25). Children are going to cry, pout, scream, etc. O matter what form of punishment you ensue and chances are they will be back doing it eventually. They might do it again the same day, week, or even month but learning their lesson doesnt always happen the first time. Spanking is like giving punishment without a reason why. If emotions get a chance to calm themselves, with time, parents can talk things out and a lesson has a chance of being learned better then in whapping screaming match. Mitchell a dded, It doesnt take a whole new parent to avoid corporal punishment. Parents are doing dozens and dozens of things besides spanking, even parents who are doing some spanking. If they Just left out the spanking, theyd be doing the alternatives, and their child would be better off (25). A ideas. It may sound cheesy but putting yourself in the childs shoes can be the best thing when it comes between whats right and wrong. Its always best to start from the beginning when having a child, but its never too late to start changing ways. Dry. Esther K. Chunk, a primary investigator, said the findings on the spanking studies suggest that physicians should want to consider addressing the issues of spanking and corporal punishment during routine infant visits, rather than waiting until the toddler years (Bates 25). Basically, what this means is doctors and physicians are questioning whether its right or wrong to question a parent on their discipline and when. If more parents knew the fact of what spanking and corporal punishment could bring so much could change. A lot of parents dont know another way out and thats what the problem boils down to. Theres always another option. Surprisingly, its also been on debate whether corporal punishment is legal or not. Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child requires states to take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child Said the Committee of European Ministers (peg. 29 par. 2). What this is saying is that spanking may be the next big no-no soon enough. If spanking is violating someone, a child at that, saying no to a child is the best thing to do over a spank. Just saying the word no may take a while but a spanking wont always lead to a solution, it more like the easy way out. Overall, Just once sparing the hand can make a difference. Its important to take some time out to be the best parent possible and remember its never too late to change. Spanking can lead to going too far, long lasting effects, and doesnt work any better than a typical no. A study by U. S. Catholic seed Creating a home environment free from violence will help create a world free from violence (Mitchell 23).

The Liberation Of Women's Bodies In Modern China Research Paper

The Liberation Of Women's Bodies In Modern China - Research Paper Example Attitude towards foot binding varied in accordance with family status. While great families favored foot binding, lesser families often followed them in imitation (Hong 2013, p.48). The historical evidence shows that the foot binding as a custom flourished in between the 10th and the 20th centuries and many women practiced it even after it was outlawed in 1912 thinking that it would bring good suitors for their daughters. Mothers impressed upon their daughters that the mark of a woman’s attraction reside more in her character more revealed in the bind of her feet than in the face of physique with which nature had endowed her (Blake 683). A very significant thing to note that ‘Her selection in marriage was the task of her prospective mother-in-law, whose criterion for a good daughter-in-law was the discipline that the bound foot represented’ (Pruitt 22). This throws light on the fact the young women during this period were denied the right to think freely and indep endently and were under chains. Aesthetic appreciation of the small foot was the major driving force for the practice of foot binding in China; foot binding was also promoted to sustain male erotic interest and was regarded as an effective tool to maintain gender distinctions and to ethnically differentiate civilized Chinese from northern barbarians (Mackie 1996, p.1002). The proposed study is conducted on the grounds that foot binding was very common among the Chinese people for a long time and it was once regarded as a symbol of beauty. But it is evident that the foot binding caused for everlasting pain for the womenfolk and they were merely treated as a tool for sex, disregarding their individuality and potentiality as a working class.

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING Essay

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING SYMBOLIC CONVERGENCE THEORY TO HELP EPLAIN OR IMPROVE A COMMUNICATION SITUATION - Essay Example These definitions are applied in attempts to understand the process of investigation and giving meaning to something. The simplest definition of communication is â€Å"sharing of information†. However, it is important to accept and perceive correctly what is shared. Some scientists define communication as an â€Å"exchange of perception†. It is a well-known fact that communication is very important not only in business but in our daily life. Its nature was thoroughly investigated by famous philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Aristotle tried to create a communication and language theory. In his work The Rhetoric the philosopher talked about persuasion, while in another creation De Interpretatione  he shares his thoughts about the connection between reason and language. The Symbolic Convergence Theory, created by Ernest Bormann, offers a general interpretation of communication between people. The creator calls his theory "social scientific research in its goal of providing generalizations that hold for a large domain of communication" (Bormann, 1982). This theory offers a technique of people communication in a small group. The given paper is designed to explain and interpret the Symbolic Convergence theory. The Symbolic Convergence Theory is founded on the suggestion that individuals of one group should interchange visions with the purpose of making their group more united. These kinds of visions should disclose feeling. Once interchanging a vision within a collective, it develops a figurative union. This will improve the communication inside the group and its efficiency. A person can share any information, he can tell about his impressions, his taste, the food or beverage he likes. According to Antoine, Althouse, and Ball (2005), Symbolic Convergence Theory "underscores the human tendency to share dramatized narratives, which leads to the potential for persuasion" (Antoine, Althouse, and Ball,

The Battle of Dunkirk

The Battle of Dunkirk Rami Redha The Battle of Dunkirk lasted from around May 25 to June 3, 1940. After the Phony War, the Battle of France began on 10 May, 1940. German armour burst through the Ardennes region and advanced rapidly driving north in the so-called sickle cut. To the east the Germans invaded and subdued the Netherlands and advanced rapidly through Belgium. The combined British, French and Belgian forces were split around Armentià ¨res. The German forces then swept north to capture Calais, holding a large body of Allied soldiers trapped against the coast on the Franco-Belgian border. It became clear to the British that the battle was lost and the question was now how many Allied soldiers could be removed to the relative safety of England before their resistance was crushed. From May 22 preparations for the evacuation began, codenamed Operation Dynamo, commanded from Dover by Vice-Admiral Bertram Ramsay. He called for as many naval vessels as possible as well as every ship capable of carrying 1,000 men within reach. It initially was intended to recover around 45,000 men of the British Expeditionary Force over two days, this was soon stretched to 120,000 men over five days. On May 27 a request was placed to civilians to provide all shallow draught vessels of 30 to 100 feet for the operation, that night was the first rescue attempt. A large number of craft including fishing boats and recreational vessels, together with Merchant Marine and Royal Navy vessels, were gathered and sent to Dunkirk and the surrounding beaches to recover Allied troops. Due to heavy German fire only 8,000 soldiers were recovered. Another ten destroyers were recalled for May 28 and attempted rescue operations in the early morning but were unable to closely approach the beaches although several thousand were rescued. It was decided that smaller vessels would be more useful. The Allied held area was reduced to a 30 sq km by May 28. Operations over the rest of May 28 were more successful, with a further 16,000 men recovered but German air operations increased and many vessels were sunk or badly damaged, including nine destroyers. On May 29, the German armour stopped its advance on Dunkirk leaving the operation to the slower infantry, and the Luftwaffe (Hermann Gà ¶ring, then in great favour with Adolf Hitler, had promised air power alone could win the battle) but due to problems only 14,000 men were evacuated that day. On the evening of May 30 another major group of smaller vessels was dispatched and returned with around 30,000 men. By May 31 the Allied forces were compressed into a 5 km deep strip from La Panne, through Bray-Dunes to Dunkirk, but on that day over 68,000 troops were evacuated with another 10,000 or so overnight. On June 1 another 65,000 were rescued and the operations continued until June 4, evacuating a total of 338,226 troops aboard around 700 different vessels. Source 8 was an artists of the Dunkirk evacuation by Charles cundall, an official war artist. In the painting you can clearly see the smoke from the bombed out harbour there is enough evidence in source 8 to support the interpretation: â€Å"Dunkirk was a great deliverance and a great Defeat†. Source 8 shows how it was deliverance and how it was a Defeat. The source is a painting by Charles Condell he shows lots of ships and people getting to these ships but also show a lot of explosions and mayhem. The deliverance in this painting would be the fact that so many troops are boarding the ships and getting home alive. The disaster in this painting is the fact there are so many dead on the beaches and there are ships on fire. This source cannot however be completely reliable because the painter could not have been on the beach painting this picture so he was either far away or this painting is an image he had remembered from the day. He was also an official war artist so this pa inting could have been used by the government as propaganda to show the British people that despite the bombing and strafing of the beaches the British people never gave up in saving the B.E.F. Source 19 is an account by an RAF pilot of what he saw when he reached the beaches. He mentioned the air attacks on the beaches and said things like

Tui Mkt301 Module 1 Case

TUI University MKT 301 Winter 2012 Module 1, Case Assignment High Involvement: Infinity FX35; Low Involvement:  Starbucks Coffee Explain why the first product you chose was a High Involvement purchase and why the second was a Low Involvement purchase. Describe in detail the process you went through in buying each product. Bear in mind that the purpose of the assignment is to demonstrate the depth of your understanding of the teaching materials. Identify and discuss the differences between the ways you went through the purchase decision processes for the two products.Explain how you might use your understanding of the Model of Consumer Buying Behavior for the two products. High Involvement vs Low Involvement Purchases The purchase of anything is based on the consumer background, lifestyle, and comfort in which is a routine action or something that requires attention. This is generally tied to currency and risk. High Involvement: My recent high involvement purchase was an Infinity FX 35. This purchase was a $57000 automobile that required effort and thought to purchase.This vehicle also represents an impact to my debt to income ratio and required a nominal loan that would influence my monthly cash flow over a period of time. High involvement purchase here is linked to high cost, my expression of status and ego. This was also an emotional purchase as I chose to purchase a product that fit my culture, my personal expectations of status and the immediate purchasing power that this represents. I know that a new car would represent a 40% loss of equity within a three year period but this represents a decision that was based on an acceptable level of risk.Recognizing the need for a new car that fit my wants, doing research and test driving multiple vehicles in this class, buying and evaluating post purchase are all solid steps in the purchase decision process (PDP). Actual branding of a luxury sport crossover played the most significant role in classifying this as a h igh involvement product. Low Involvement: Starbucks Coffee is what I would consider a low involvement product or service. There is not much thought put into this type of purchase and skips many of the PDP stages.This product or service is more about segmentation, habits, and brand loyalty. A low involvement purchase has little to no risk or monetary impact based on the individuals involvement. Starbucks Coffee represents a routine action that provides me with a fragmented conversation, a sense of satisfaction, and need to appease routine habits that is driven by the daily urge for caffeine and social interaction. A cup of coffee requires no evaluation process. The individual purchase decision process was night and day for these two products.The Infinity FX35 was influenced by more than one aspect of my decision making process. I followed more of the Do – Learn – Feel process with this purchase as it ended up representing a form of self-satisfaction to me versus and inf ormed decision. I followed fragmented parts of the PDP. I knew that I needed a vehicle within the next year as I was giving my current car to my daughter. Based on a series of events I moved my purchase timeline to the current week. I knew I needed a car in a condensed timeframe and had the resources to buy anything that I would come across.While driving down a street I pulled into the infinity dealer, was captivated by the vehicle sitting in the center of the show room floor and told the sales person to ring it up. There was no information search or evaluation of alternatives as this was a vehicle that grasped at the superficial aspects of environmental influences and individual differences within me. I knew that Infinity was an upper-scaled Nissan vehicle and that I wanted to buy a vehicle that represented a separate class of society as well a sense of accomplishment for myself.The regular purchase of a Starbucks coffee on a daily basis is habit that is perpetuated with a potentia l need to feel accepted by myself for some reason. I routinely drive by the corner store and pass up an inexpensive cup of coffee daily as the big green Starbucks sign draws a reaction of wants out of me. I go in every morning to a small and friendly environment that has warm pastries, friendly employees, and regular customers that are typically all from the same class of society. I do not even attempt to order anything outside of a WhiteChocolate Moca and a walnut muffin while managing to maintain a happy filler conversation with the cheerful staff and routine customers. I do not ever maintain a receipt nor do I care about the impact of such a small routine purchase. In contrast to the vehicle purchase the lack of risk mitigates decision steps. The idea to market an Infinity FX35 is based more on customer driven segmentation. This vehicle is in the same class as the BMW X5, Porsche Cheyanne, and Audi Q7. It is generally out of financial reach and comfort of consumer risk from gener al population.The targeted approach to dealership placement is in large suburban areas that are user related and focus on the buyer’s characteristics. This class of vehicle additionally targets a very diverse size of the potential market by branding and pricing in-between the middle class and upper class. The available or targeted market is based on life style and snob appeal. Most people that are in this target group are fairly well educated and are in a higher income bracket or place more value on self-worth.The motivation for this purchase is based on a high level of thought that focuses on the informative aspects of the product while actually skipping many sub elements in the information search aspect of the PDP. The buying behavior for an Infinity FX35 tends to key in on the influences that lead to a purchase. Environmental influences are culture, social class, and personal while individual differences focus on attitude, personality, and life style. For these reasons, th e PDP has the potential to skip information search and evaluation of alternatives steps based on the buyers fit into the mixed marketing environment and strategy.Infinity its self is marketed as the highest class, lowest priced of Japanese luxury vehicles. This gives them the ability to reach a more diverse segment of the middle class population based on a lower price and class branding. Infinity’s competitive advantage is based on value to the customer over its class of competitors. Starbucks coffee is based more on customer driven segmentation on a much broader scale. This produce is no different from many other similar products but is focused on social and habit forming elements.It is not generally out of financial reach and comfort of consumer risk while maintaining status quo as a high end coffee franchise. The targeted approach to Starbucks franchise placement is in a broad spectrum of suburban and rural areas based on a global footprint. The areas that are user related and focus on the buyer’s habits and culture. This brand of coffee additionally targets a very diverse size and global aspect of the potential market by branding and pricing with upper echelon of lower class and the middle class.There is an age value placed on the target audience from 19-36+ and has a socio-economic, demographic and attitudinal impacts on the consumer break down. Even though Starbucks is at the higher end of price for coffee, the available or targeted market is based on value, life style, and snob appeal. Consumers in this target group are seem to have satisfaction out of feeling as if Starbucks branding and association with a fictions lifestyle could appease individual value on self-worth and group acceptance.The motivation for this purchase is based on a low level of thought that focuses on the affective, habit forming, and self-satisfaction aspects of the product while actually skipping most all aspect of the PDP. Marketing stimulus plays a key role in sub dividing these customers in a similar way and have similar needs. The buying behavior for Starbucks branded coffee tends to rely on word of mouth and influences that lead to a purchase. This is not about problem recognition, information search, and skips evaluation of alternatives.This is a direct purchase of a consumer good based on â€Å"FEEL† regardless of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Environmental influences are culture, social class, and personal â€Å"loyalty branding† while individual differences focus on attitude, personality, and life style. For these reasons, the PDP is affected by the product, price, promotion, and place (4Ps). The target market skips different steps based on the category of consumer and how the consumer fits into the mixed marketing environment or strategy.Starbucks survives thru diversity among segment of the middle class population based on a lower price and branding. Starbucks competitive advantage is based on branding and social acc eptance to the customer over its class of competitors. In conclusion, these two products have widely different levels of involvement by the consumer, but the target markets are very similar in nature. These products are associated with a enhanced image of a brand that influences the customer. The PDP and 4Ps may vary, but the target market will always be willing to spend more spend more to maintain self-worth.

How to Quit Smoking

In this modern era, our lifestyle has been changed over years. The world is now moving toward a very advanced and busy lifestyle. This has significantly brought a lot of changes in our human lives due to the stressful life. People nowadays, adapting to new habit so they could cope up with their stress and one of the main bad habit adapted by them is smoking. Although they know they smoking is injurious to their health, they just do not willing to give up the habit. There are a few ways for the smokers to quit their smoking habit so they can live up a healthy and happy lifestyle.Firstly, the smokers must be determined not to smoke more than limited sticks per day as a beginning towards their quit process. The smokers must not buy extra cigarette for themselves so they could smoke whenever they need to. Smokers also should not let themselves to smoke continuously over a time period because it may pursue them to continue the habit. As for the beginning the smokers should lessen the amou nt of stick they smoking day by day so they can get rid of the habit slowly and gently.Secondly, the smokers must replace the smoking habit with some other good habits so they could be able to control themselves when they getting the sensation to smoke. Habits such as chewing the chewing gum may help the smokers to forget about smoking over time. They may drink as much as water as they could so they wonaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have the feeling to smoke after or before eating. Fresh juices have the properties of overcoming the sensation on nicotine so they may drink a lot of fresh juice to get rid of the smoking sensation. Thirdly, the smokers may try to involve themselves in more outdoor activities to stay active.They can start up jogging as it is a good exercise for the lungs capacity and durability. They can join any kind of sports clubs so they can fill up their free hours with useful activities. The smokers can enjoy their weekend with their family with any outdoor activities such as va cation so they could spend their quality time with their family. As all of us aware, smoking is not a good habit to be continued and adapted by any of us human being due to its nature of destructing the consumers. So throw the habit away and lead a happy life with your loved ones because the life we have now is a gift from the god for us to enjoy and being happy.

Development of Indias Banking System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2121 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction With a population of over 1 billion, India is one of the most important countries with accelerating economic growth. According to the World Bank (2009), the annual GDP growth of India has been more than 7% over the past ten years. The financial crises in 1997 and 2008 have revealed the importance of robust banking system towards economic development. Indian Government liberalized the banking system through Indian Banking Sector Reform in 1991. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Development of Indias Banking System" essay for you Create order From the first bank in India in 1786, the development of Indian Banking System has three distinct phases. Early Phase (1786 1969) There were 1100 small banks in India. The Government implemented the Banking Companies Act 1949 to facilitate the functioning of commercial banks. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was authorized to supervise the Indian banking sector and became the Central Banking Authority. Post Nationalization Period (1969 1991) State Bank of India was formed to act as a principal agent of RBI and handle banking transactions in India. Fourteen major commercial banks were nationalized as there was a decline in public confidence during the early phase. Nationalization guaranteed the sustainability of banking industry and aroused public confidence. Post-Liberalization Period (1991 now) Liberalization of banking practices occurred. Foreign banks, ATMs, phone banking, net banking were introduced to make the banking system more convenient and efficient. The development of banking system is transiting. Public-Sector Banks contributes to 78% of total banking industry asset. Private-Sector Banks, on the other hand, are experiencing great progress in internet banking, ATMs and other technology advancements. They are likely to expand in India. Central Bank Reserve Bank of India It was established in 1935 and was nationalized in 1949. It has 8 functions explained as follows: Note Issuance: It has the sole right to issue bank notes of all denominations as an agent of the Government. Government Banker: It acts as Government banker, agent and adviser. It controls the banking system through licensing, inspection and calling for information. It also supervises and controls commercial and cooperative banks. Maintenance of Minimum Reserve Ratio: RBI set the cash reserve ratio is 5% and repo rate is 4.75 % in 2009. Lender of Last Resort: It acts as the lender of last resort by providing rediscount facilities to scheduled banks. Credit Controller: It controls the credit operations of banks quantitatively and qualitatively like open market operations, discount policies and reserve requirements. Settlement of Clearing Functions: RBI facilitates the inter-bank clearing of current accounts in 1050 clearing houses in India. Custodian of Foreign Reserves: RBI sets a limit on money transfer in and out of India under Foreign Exchange Management Act. It examines Indias reserve of international currencies and maintains the official rate of exchange with all member countries of International Monetary Fund. Promotional Functions: RBI is responsible to extend banking facilities to rural and semi-urban areas, and establish and promote new specialized financing agencies. Banking System Banks in India The Reserve Bank of India heads the Indian commercial banks. Banks in India can be categorized into three tiers scheduled commercial banks; regional rural banks which operate in rural areas not covered by scheduled banks; and cooperative and special purpose rural banks. There are approximately 98 scheduled commercial banks, both Indian and foreign, almost 200 regional rural banks, more than 350 central cooperative banks, 20 land development banks, and a number of agricultural credit societies. Commercial Banks Commercial banking is dominated by 28 state-owned banks controlling 69.9% of assets in the sector in 2007/08. Private domestic held 21.7% and foreign banks had the remaining 8.4%. Commercial banks can be categorized into domestic banks and foreign banks. Domestic Banks They include public-sector banks, private-sector banks and savings, mortgage and co-operative banks. The biggest domestic bank is a public-sector bank, State Bank of India with market share 16.83%. The second biggest domestic bank is a private-sector bank, ICICI Bank with market share 9.11%. Public-Sector Banks They have a country wide networks and each has its own geographic stronghold. They provide a full range of banking services and are an important source of short-term funds. State Bank of India is the largest bank providing 16.83$ of loan advances in 2007/08. In 2008, SBI merged its subsidiary, State Bank of Saurashtra, and is increasing its international presence. The introduction of stringent capital-adequacy, income-recognition and asset-classification norms in economic reform promoted public-sector banks to reveal true positions in financial statements. The gap between strong and weak banks is thus widened. Private-Sector Banks There were 41 private-sector banks and 18 of them were listed on the stock exchange as of 2009. They usually have strong regional client bases and upgrade their technology and services. ICICI, the largest private-sector bank, merged with Bank of Madura in 2001 and Shangli Bank in 2007. Life Insurance Corporation of India raised its stake in Corporation Bank to 27% from 12.32% in 2001. It is expected that more mergers and acquisitions will be found in the coming decade. Savings, mortgages and co-operative banks They are small and contribute slightly to the source of funds for most companies. They tend to finance rural and small sectors and have geographically-restricted operations. New RBI regulations have imposed restrictions on them in 2001 as some urban cooperative banks were discovered to have a high exposure to the stock market. Foreign Banks The biggest foreign bank is Citibank with market share 1.55%. Standard Chartered Bank ranked the second. Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, HSBC and ABN Amro Bank dominate the sector in the diagram shown below. Comparing the advances of foreign banks and that of commercial banks, it is shown that foreign banks play a small role in banking industry. They accounted for 8.4% of total commercial-bank assets in 2007/08. But the rising net profits of the banks to Rs66.12bn in 2007/08 from Rs45.85bn in 2006/07 suggested the increasing importance of this sector. Foreign banks offer borrowing terms similar to local banks, but their benchmark prime lending rates are 1 to 3 percentage points higher. Foreign banks usually form part of a lending consortium. Foreign banks without a branch presence can conduct business through representative offices. These banks concentrate on providing offshore currency loans and related foreign-exchange products, rather than retail banking or local-currency lending. Investment Banks and Brokerages Investment banks and brokerages rely on advisory business. They have a limited involvement in risk capital. They can weather the downturn without the risk of going out of business. However, if the downturn continues in 2010, some banks may leave the small Indian market. Citi(US) and JM Financial Group have the greatest market share in this sector with their contribution of more than half deal value. Given the growth of Indian market, major foreign investment banks have reworked their partnerships with investment banks to help them to capture a greater market share. Development Banks Public-sector development banks were traditionally the principle source of long-term capital. Development banks provide medium and long-term rupee and foreign-currency financing, underwrite and subscribe to stocks and debentures. Due to the financial sector reform, they offer new services and products, set up organizations to provide a variety of financial services. Some countrywide development banks are Industrial Finance Corp of India and Industrial Investment Bank of India. The Post Office Saving Bank It has the largest retail-bank network, with over 155,000 branches. A growing number of post offices are also connected electronically. Given its large distribution network, India Post now leverages its presence to become a general financial-services distributor. It provides various mutual funds and bonds. It also offers an inward international money-transfer service. Offshore Banks Banks are allowed to set up overseas banking units within the countrys special economic zones functioning as overseas branches of domestic banks. Six domestic banks set up overseas banking units: Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, ICICI Bank, Punjab National Bank, State Bank of India and Union Bank. Domestic banks can enjoy a tax deduction on the income from OBUs and advantages of global presence. Banks Deposit Composition The deposits of national banks dominate the banking industry because they are backed up by the government and the public thus have confidence in nationalized banks. However, regional rural banks have a small share of deposits. It is mainly due to the lower income level in rural areas. Although foreign banks have a second smallest share of deposits, liberalization of the banking industry will allow them to expand their business. Competitive Situation More aggressive merger and acquisition are stemming in India. One advantages stemming from merger is the ability to cross-sell a slew of retail products including housing loans, car loans, personal finance and credit cards. Further, merged entity will be able to compete with threats from global players, for instance, HSBC and Citibank. However, challenges of merger are the integration of financial and human resources, as well as satisfying statutory requirements. Also some FIs faced the problem of relying on an increasing cagey market to raise capital. As FIs were funding long-term projects with money rose short term, there was a critical asset-liability disparity. RBI then proposed to convert financial institutions into universal banks recently. A reverse merger with their own subsidiary banks will now give FIs access to low-cost funds. The trend of mergers and acquisitions will prevail in the coming years. Economic Conditions Indian banks balance sheets are not directly exposed to sub-prime mortgage leading in US. The GDP and GDP per capital are expected to grow in the coming decade. The global financial crisis does not undermine the banking industry in India in a great extent. The assessment of the banking sector risk is rather low compared to that in Asia and Australasia in 2009. The expansion of consumer credit does not pose a high risk to the banking industry as the level of debts per customer remains low. In contrast, RBI moved the focus of its policy from boosting economic growth to containing inflation. Interest rates are expected to rise and tighter monetary policy are expected to be implemented. Conclusions The liberalization of banking system has (1) strengthen the banking sector (2) provide more operational flexibility to banks (3) enhance the competitive efficiency of banks (4) strengthen the legal framework governing bank operations. This well-developed banking system is favourable when it comes to expansion in India. However, a keen competition is found in India. Each sector has various existing banks with strong customer loyalty. Numerous state-owned banks and FIs are the dominant players in India. Despite the stable Indian economy and the steady and slow movement towards liberalization of banking system, the Government will probably strengthen the financial regulatory system sufficiently before a complete liberalization. Therefore, it is concluded that India is not suitable for expansion. References World Bank (2009). Word Bank in India. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from https://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:22398481~menuPK:2246552~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:223547,00.html India Finance Investment Guide (2009). Introduction. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from https://finance.indiamart.com/investment_in_india/banking_india.html Maps of India (2008). Banks in India. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from https://business.mapsofindia.com/banks-in-india/ Kamath, G.B. (2009). Emerald. The Intellectual Capital Performance of Indian Banking Sector, pp.4. Retrieved from, https://www.emeraldinsight.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/2500080104.pdf Bank of India (2009). Main Functions. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/AboutusDisplay.aspx#MF OneIndia News (2009, July 28). RBI Keeps All Key Rates Unchanged. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from https://news.oneindia.in/2009/07/28/rbi-keeps-all-key-rates-unchanged.html Hubbard, R.G. OBrien (2006). How the Fed Reserves Manages the Money Supply. In Macroeconomics (2nd Ed.), Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System (pp. 451-452). United States: Pearson International Edition. NK Infobase (2009). Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from https://money-transfer.in/reservebankofindia.html Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Domestic Banks, pp. 14. Retrieved from https://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Foreign Banks, pp. 14. Retrieved from https://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Investment Banks and Brokerages, pp. 16. Retrieved from https://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Development and Postal Banks, pp. 18. Retrieved from https://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Offshore Banks, pp. 20. Retrieved from https://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Subhash, D.V. (2002, February). Birth of a Universal Bank. Retrieved 2 December, 2009. from https://search.ebscohost.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=7210765site=ehost-live Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, October). India: Banking Sector Risk. Retrieved 28 November 2009, from https://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/index.asp?layout=displayIssueArticleissue_id=1514868936article_id=1664868951 Scribd (2009). A Report on Non-Performing Assets Challenge to the Public Sector Banks, pp. 10. Retrieved December 2, 2009, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/8817767/A-REPORT-ON-NPA-IN-BANKING